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Reply Anonymous Nov 15, am jeg kan heller ikke. Reply Anonymous Nov 15, am Kan heller ikke :. Reply Anonymous Nov 21, pm hej jeg er danishbits bruger er det muligt at for en inv. Reply Anonymous Nov 26, am hej jeg er tidligere db bruger, er det muligt at for en inv? Reply Anonymous Dec 3, am Hi i registered and i didnt get any confirmation mail. Can it be fixed. Two arrival pressure conditions at the station have been considered i.

LP arrival at 50 barg or HP arrival at barg. The export pipeline from downstream of the OGCS to the receiving terminal at Gujarat GPRT assumes an available supply pressure of barg and a final destination pressure of 50 barg. The route profile considered for option 1 is presented in Figure 8. The direct export free-flow option which avoids the need for a midline compression station is also considered feasible from an operational standpoint as the normal operating velocity and temperature profiles in the pipeline are also within acceptable limits.

The flow assurance work also established there is no risk of condensed liquids in the export pipeline during normal operation for all export options considered based on a typical sales gas composition spec and water content assumed in the study.

This shows maintenance of gas specification in the pipeline is important to avoid the potential development of liquids. If required, the impact of salinity in the formation water can also be taken into consideration in the theoretical predictions. The selection of the optimum hydrate management strategy for the system usually involves a review of thermal and chemical management strategies.

For gas dominated production systems, the strategy to prevent hydrate formation is typically using hydrate inhibitors on a continuous basis with a recovery unit. For oil dominated production systems, the typical strategy involves some combination of keeping the fluid warm insulation during normal operation and either hydrate inhibition, electrical heating, depressurisation or fluid displacement strategies to handle extended shutdown and restart operations.

Further analyses are performed to determine the thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor THI dosage using methanol or glycols to avoid hydrate formation following an extended unplanned shutdown. A combination of pipeline insulation with an inhibition strategy using methanol or glycols such as MEG is used widely for hydrates management as these are fully field proven strategies. There is however a recognition of the operating limitations using THIs in terms of being uneconomic for managing operations at high watercuts, incurring significant operating costs, large storage volume capacity and if glycol is used, glycol regeneration package to be provided at the host facility.

Its efficiency is dependent on the degree of sub-cooling difference between the ambient temperature and the hydrate formation temperature required at any given pressure and also on the residence time of the water in the hydrate formation zone.

The efficiency of KHI is indirectly proportional to the sub-cooling range required but has an absolute subcooling limit above which hydrate formation will be instantaneous, whatever the dose rate of the KHI. Due to its limited sub-cooling range, KHIs are generally considered to be viable for deep and ultra-deepwater developments and operatiors have focused their efforts towards utilizing AA-LDHIs instead.

Recent work by Alapati et al Ref. Further phases have been added to the development, which has seen an incremental extension both by infilling individual wells into existing infrastructure and by adding new field areas in a daisy chain manner to existing subsea facilities.

The water depth of the development ranges from m to m, with the farthest part of the development located km from the onshore terminal Ref. In the WDDM development was the longest tie-back in the world at km. The hydrocarbon fluids, if left to their own devices would be subject to hydrates forming in the flowlines, manifolds and pipelines. It was therefore necessary to plan for and actively manage hydrate mitigation. The hydrate mitigation regime adopted by the project is to use methanol during start-up and warm up conditions and then continuous injection of glycol MEG into the gas stream at each tree was adopted, with dosage rates being determined by maximum potential gas flowrates, an assumed level of water production, minimum expected temperature and maximum shut in pressure.

MEG is distributed to each of the field centers from onshore through small diameter dedicated pipelines. From the field centre to the trees the MEG is distributed in dedicated small bore tubes contained within the control umbilical. As the Methanol used in the development is only required during startup and purging activities, the amounts required are limited and are delivered from onshore by dedicated tubes within the control umbilical.

One key concern of the project was the reliance on the inhibitor injection system and the potential for malfunction. In the WDDM system, there are two downhole pressure measurements, two upstream and two downstream of choke pressure measurements, one downhole venturi meter and the inference meter system. Production Chemistry Issues Such as Wax and as Asphaltene Deposition Chemical suppliers generally recommend likely candidate chemicals based on generic produced fluids descriptions to prevent or inhibit wax and asphaltene deposition.

However, the selection process will require actual produced fluid samples to be provided to the chemical suppliers in order to confirm suitability and the injection rates required. For instance, the technical issues and the costs and benefits of chemical inhibition, wellbore and flowline insulation, and pigging for deposition control all have to be considered together to arrive at a design solution.

This is especially true if insulation is needed for other reasons e. It is often prudent to include injection capability in the system design so that chemicals can be injected if found to be necessary.

The slug catcher or separator size is checked against the maximum slug volume to be accommodated based on liquid and gas production flowrates resulting from normal operation, production rate changes and pipeline pigging operations whilst taking into account the maximum available liquid drain rate of the receiving slug catcher or primary separator if designing for two-phase separation or the drain rate of the oil and water phases if designing for three-phase separation.

During the conceptual design phase, an initial assessment of the slug catcher surge volume handling requirement for rate change operations can be quickly performed by the Cunliffe method as this method only requires output data of the steady state liquid content in the system predicted from either PIPEFLO or PIPESIM simulations. For SELECT and EXECUTE phases, more detailed analysis is performed to verify the slug catcher size using transient simulation to confirm the maximum surge volume generated from rate change operations and from hydrodynamic slugging during normal production Figure Flow Assurance issues in CO2 pipeline transport systems revolve mainly around modeling the effects of impurities present with the CO2 as these have a significant impact on its physical properties resulting in changing the width and shape of its phase envelope i.

Whilst the normal operating mode for CO 2 transport pipelines is in dense-phase, there will be transient conditions that can occur e. It is important to assess low temperature risks during any blowdown scenario as these sudden temperature drops can potentially result in metal embrittlement and formation of CO2 hydrates affecting pipeline integrity and system operability. We have decided to return it early. Then we will ask the Master of the Hunt to find King Frederick for us as he has been kidnapped and has been taken out of the city.

We will tell you more, Sihr, as we walk through the tunnel. Sihr led them down the stairs and found the latch that opened the secret door.

Sihr entered first, followed by Farling, Grum, and Arastead. Two of the Aarlund brothers walked in front of their king and his daughter, while the other two walked behind. Nas, Conall, and Einar were at the very back. The light from the many torches danced across the ceiling and the smoke gathered at the highest point in the arch. Everyone marveled at the building ingenuity that must have gone into creating the tunnel and the brickwork.